Compostable Plastic Raw Materials: A Guide to Sustainable Alternatives

Introduction

As the world shifts toward eco-friendly solutions, compostable plastics are gaining popularity as a sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics. But what exactly are these materials made of, and how do they break down without harming the environment?

In this article, we’ll explore:

✔ The key raw materials used in compostable plastics

✔ How they differ from conventional plastics

✔ Their environmental benefits and applications

✔ Certifications to look for when choosing compostable plastics

What Are Compostable Plastic Raw Materials?

Compostable plastics are derived from renewable, plant-based

sources rather than fossil fuels. Unlike traditional plastics, they

decompose under specific conditions, turning into water, CO₂,

and organic matter without leaving toxic residues.

Common Compostable Plastic Materials

1. PLA (Polylactic Acid)

Source: Fermented sugarcane, cornstarch, or cassava.

Properties: Transparent, rigid (similar to PET plastic), used in food packaging, cutlery, and bags.

Decomposition: Breaks down in industrial composting facilities (50–90 days).

2. PBAT (Polybutyrate Adipate Terephthalate)

Source: Partially bio-based (often combined with PLA for flexibility).

Properties: Flexible and durable—ideal for compostable bags and films.

Decomposition: Degrades efficiently in composting environments.

3. PHA (Polyhydroxyalkanoates)

Source: Produced by microorganisms feeding on plant sugars.

Properties: Marine-degradable, used in medical applications and food packaging.

Decomposition: Breaks down in soil, water, and compost.

4. Starch-Based Blends (TPS – Thermoplastic Starch)

Source: Corn, potatoes, or wheat.

Properties: Often blended with PLA or PBAT for better performance.

Decomposition: Suitable for home composting in some cases.

How Do Compostable Plastics Differ from Conventional Plastics?

Feature Compostable Plastics Traditional Plastics

Raw Materials Plant-based (corn, sugarcane) Petroleum-based

Decomposition 3–6 months in compost 100–500+ years

End Products Water, CO₂, biomass Microplastics, toxins

Recycling Must be composted (not recycled) Recyclable (but often landfilled)

Environmental Benefits of Compostable Plastics

✅ Reduce Fossil Fuel Dependency – Made from renewable crops instead of oil.

✅ Lower Carbon Footprint – Production emits fewer greenhouse gases.

✅ No Microplastic Pollution – Fully breaks down without harming ecosystems.

✅ Support Circular Economy – Can be turned into compost for agriculture.

Applications of Compostable Plastic Materials	How to Identify Certified Compostable Plastics
Single-Use Cutlery & Tableware (for restaurants and events)	Not all "biodegradable" plastics are truly compostable. Look for these certifications:
Food Packaging (PLA-based containers, films)	ASTM D6400 / EN 13432 – Meets industrial composting standards.
Shopping Bags & Waste Liners (PBAT blends for durability)	BPI (Biodegradable Products Institute) – Verified compostability in the U.S.
Agricultural Films (PHA for mulch films that degrade in soil)	OK Compost (TÜV Austria) – Ensures safety for soil and compost.

Dog PooP Bag | Waterproof and leak proof | Compostable and biodegradable | Suitable for outdoor parks | Supports customization

dog poop bag is made of environmentally friendly materials and will not pollute the environment biodegradable Support OEM ODM

Drawstring Garbage Bag | Waterproof, leak proof, and wear-resistant | Plastic material | Suitable for household and office trash cans | Wholesale available

Tear free drawstring garbage bags are made of environmentally friendly materials and are very environmentally friendly. The biggest difference from other bags is that you don’t have to tear it open when using it, which improves convenience and safety Support customization

Flat Bag Roll | Waterproof and Fresh | Supermarket Degradable Poly Bags on Roll | for Clear Food Storage for Fruits and Vegetables Bread | Support Customization

Flat bag roll for supermarket are a new type of packaging material. They are made of plastic film as the main material. They can be used to package various items and are moisture-proof, waterproof, durable, and environmentally friendly.Support OEM ODM

Food Packaging Stand Up Pouch Bags | Waterproof, Leak proof, Fresh keeping | Recyclable Self Seal Food Grade Packaging Mylar Bags | Packaging bags suitable for food | Customization supported

As a new type of packaging material, stand-up pouches are widely used in modern logistics, transportation, warehousing and other fields. The physical properties are very stable, not easy to deform and break, and can withstand greater weight and pressure.Support OEM ODM

Challenges & Considerations

⚠ Industrial Composting Needed – Most require high-temperature facilities.

⚠ Not for Recycling Bins – Contaminates plastic recycling streams.

⚠ Cost – Currently more expensive than conventional plastics (but prices are dropping as demand grows).

Conclusion: The Future of Sustainable Plastics

Compostable plastics, made from PLA, PBAT, PHA, and starch blends, offer a viable solution to plastic pollution. By choosing certified products and supporting proper composting systems, businesses and consumers can drive the transition to a zero-waste future.

Interested in eco-friendly packaging solutions? Explore our range of compostable plastic materials today!